History of Mirpur Azad Kashmir, and why it is called Mini London

History of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir

Early Background

Mirpur is one of the principal cities of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, located in the southwest part of the region near the Mangla Dam. The history of Mirpur dates back several centuries and is deeply rooted in the broader history of Jammu and Kashmir. The name “Mirpur” is believed to have originated from the words “Mir” (a local chieftain or noble) and “Pur” (settlement or city), essentially meaning “the settlement of Mir.”

Before the partition of British India in 1947, Mirpur was a small town known for its agricultural lands, local trade, and traditional craftsmanship. Its fertile plains and proximity to rivers made it suitable for farming, while its hilly surroundings offered natural beauty and protection.

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Partition and Migration (1947)

The partition of India in 1947 had a profound impact on Mirpur. The city was caught in the conflict between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. A tragic event known as the “Mirpur Massacre” of November 1947 occurred, where thousands of local residents lost their lives or were displaced during the violence. This left a lasting mark on the identity and memory of the people of Mirpur.

After partition, Mirpur became part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) under Pakistani administration. The population began rebuilding their lives, focusing on trade, small businesses, and overseas migration in the decades that followed.

The Mangla Dam and Displacement (1960s)

A major turning point in Mirpur’s history came in the 1960s with the construction of the Mangla Dam, one of the largest dams in Asia. While the dam was a significant development project for Pakistan’s water and electricity needs, it also submerged large parts of old Mirpur city and surrounding villages.

Thousands of families were displaced from their ancestral lands. Many of them were given the opportunity to migrate abroad, particularly to the United Kingdom, as part of resettlement and compensation agreements. This migration would change the destiny of Mirpur forever.

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Why Mirpur is Called “Mini London”

1. Large Overseas Community in the UK
   One of the main reasons Mirpur is called “Mini London” is the extraordinary number of its people who live in the United Kingdom. It is estimated that nearly 60–70% of British Pakistanis of Kashmiri origin trace their roots back to Mirpur. Cities like Birmingham, Bradford, Manchester, and London have huge Mirpuri communities.

   This strong connection means that many families in Mirpur have relatives in the UK, and there is constant exchange of visits, remittances, and investments.

2. Economic Transformation Through Remittances
   The money sent back by overseas Mirpuris has transformed the city. Modern houses, shopping plazas, schools, and hospitals have been built largely through remittances. The lifestyle of Mirpur today reflects a blend of traditional Kashmiri culture and Western influences, brought in by its overseas diaspora.

   Many Mirpuris drive modern cars, live in large villas, and follow Western fashion trends—giving the city a unique character compared to other towns in Azad Kashmir.

3. English Language and Lifestyle
   Because of the strong UK connection, English is commonly spoken in Mirpur, especially among the younger generation. Fashion, food, and culture also show British influence. It’s common to see Mirpuris who have lived or studied in London bringing back Western habits and modern outlooks.

4. Infrastructure and Modern Development
   Mirpur is one of the most developed cities in Azad Kashmir. With modern shopping malls, restaurants, educational institutions, and road networks, it has grown rapidly. Much of this development has been funded by overseas Mirpuris, giving the city a modern look that resembles urban areas in the UK.

5. Symbol of Pride for the Diaspora
   For the Mirpuri community abroad, Mirpur is not just their ancestral home but also a symbol of identity. When they visit, they bring British cars, clothes, and lifestyles, further reinforcing the “Mini London” label.

Conclusion

The history of Mirpur is a story of resilience, migration, and transformation. From a small agricultural town to a city deeply linked with the UK, Mirpur has earned the title of “Mini London” because of its strong overseas ties, modern lifestyle, and economic progress shaped by its diaspora.

Today, Mirpur is not only an important city in Azad Kashmir but also a cultural bridge between Pakistan and the United Kingdom.

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